All Articles Tagged As: genetic mutations
Biologists at the University of Pennsylvania studying the processes of evolution appear to have resolved a longstanding conundrum: how can organisms be robust against the effects of mutations yet simultaneously adaptable when the environment changes?
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Mutations are the raw material of evolution. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen, Germany, and Indiana University in Bloomington have now been able to measure for the first time directly the speed with which new mutations occur in plants. Their findings shed new light on a fundamental evolutionary process. They explain, for example, why resistance to herbicides can appear within just a few years.
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 | Oregon research shows why a mate provides an evolutionary advantage over self-fertilization ...> Full Article |
 | A 21-year Michigan State University experiment that distills the essence of evolution in laboratory flasks not only demonstrates natural selection at work, but could lead to biotechnology and medical research advances, researchers said.
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Unlike animals and humans, plants can't run and hide when exposed to stressful environmental conditions. So how do plants survive? A new University of Montreal study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has found a key mechanism that enables plants to keep dangerous gene alterations in check to ensure their continued existence.
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In the September issue of Genome Research, Dr. Sudhir Kumar led a team of researchers at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University in examining DNA mutations from both healthy and diseased patients.Their work evaluates the reliability of computer models aimed at predicting the eventual effect of such mutations.
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 | Researchers have calculated a general rate of one mutation in each 15 to 30 million DNA letters in humans. Using next-generation sequencing, researchers sequenced part of the Y chromosome from two distant male-line relatives. Despite 13 generations of separation -- with a common male ancestor 200 years ago -- they found only four letters that differed. Mutation is the ultimate source of human genetic variation and has implications for both evolutionary and disease genetics. ...> Full Article |
 | Team discovers specific mutations involved in evolutionary adaptation to different environments ...> Full Article |
Mutational patterns in mitochondrial genomes show functional importance of evolution and disease
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Scientists from Cornell University have developed a new tool for identifying big events in human history and pinpointing the origins of specific gene mutations. This research, published in the May issue of the journal GENETICS, helps shed light on times when the human population moved close to extinction and helps scientists close in on gene mutations that make some demographic groups more likely to develop diseases such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, among others.
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For years researchers have puzzled over whether adaptation plays a major role in human evolution or whether most changes are due to neutral, random selection of genes and traits. "Others have looked for the signal of widespread adaptation and couldn't find it. Now we've used a lot more data and did a lot of work cleaning it up," said Dmitri Petrov, associate professor of biology at Stanford University and a senior author of the paper.
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A team of researchers has developed a new theory, which suggests that life may not always be optimal, at least in the long run.
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 | Team proposes an interesting hypothesis: Bdelloid rotifers have been able to give up sex and survive because they have evolved an extraordinary efficient mechanism for repairing harmful mutations to their DNA ...> Full Article |
 | New DNA research has questioned previous notions about the evolution of the tuatara. ...> Full Article |
Did modern birds originate around the time of the dinosaurs' demise, or have they been around far longer?
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